ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

       Adverbial Clause is a clause which function as an adverb, a verb that describes. Adverbial clause usually classified based on "the meaning or intent" of the conjunction (conjunctive that preceded it).
The types of Adverbial clause include:

1. Clause Of time 

It is a clause which shows the time. Usually made by using conjunction as after, before, no sooner, while, axles, etc.
Example:

• Shut the door before you go out.
• You may begin when(ever) you are ready.
• While he was walking home, he saw an accident.
• By the time I arrive, Alex will have left.
• No sooner had she entered than he gave an order

2. Clause of Place


It is the clause which shows the place. Ususally made by using conjunction such Nowhere, anywhere, wherever, etc.
Example :

• They sat down wherever they could find empty seats
• The guard stood where he was positioned.
• Where there is a will, there is a way.
• Where there is poverty, there we find discontent and unrest.
• Go where you like

3. Clause of Contrast (or Concession)


It is clause which shows the contradiction between the two incidents or events that are related. Usually made by using conjunction as although, though, even though, whereas, even if, in spite of, as the time, etc.
Example :

• As the time you were sleeping, we were working hard.
• Mary wanted to stop, whereas I wanted to go on.
• Although it is late, we'll stay a little longer.
• He is very friendly, even if he is a clever student.

 4. Clause of Manner

It is clause which shows the way how the job is done or event occurs. Usually made by conjunction such as, how, like, in that, etc.
Example :

• He did as I told him.
• You may finish it how you like.
• They may beat us again, like they did in 1978

5. Clause of Purpose and Result


It is Clause which shows the relationship intent / objectives and outcomes. Usually made ​​by using conjunctions such as (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, etc.
Example:

• They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
• She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
• He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
• I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon 

6. Clause of Cause and Effect


It is Clause which shows the relationship of cause and effect. There are several patterns to form this kind Clause. Take a good look.
Example:

• Ryan ran so fast that he broke the previous speed record.
• It was so cold yesterday that I didn't want to swim.
• The soup tastes so good that everyone will ask for more.
• The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class.

Example:

• The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseball team.
• I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.

Example:

• He has invested so much money in the project that he cannot abandon it now.
• The grass received so little water that it turned brown in the heat.

Example:

• It was such a hot day that we decided to stay indoors. or It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
• It was such an interesting book that he couldn't put it down. or It was so interesting a book that he couldn't put it down.

Example:

• She has such exceptional abilities that everyone is jealous of her.
• They are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one.
• Perry has had such bad luck that he's decided not to gamble.
• This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.

In addition, to reveal the relationship of cause and effect can be used in other patterns, namely:
1. Use preposition like because of, due to, due to the fact that, etc.

    Example:

• Because of the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home because of the cold weather)
• Due to the cold weather, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the cold weather)
• Due to the fact that the weather was cold, we stayed home. (=We stayed home due to the fact that the weather was cold)

2. Using Conjunction as because, since, now, that, as, as long as, in as much as.
    Example:

• Because he was sleepy, he went to bed.
• Since he's not interested in classical music, he decided not to go to the concert.
• As she had nothing in particular to do, she called up a friend and asked her if she wanted to take in a movie.
• Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.

3. Using transition words like therefore, consequently.
    Example:

• Alex failed the test because he didn't study.
• Alex didn't study. Therefore, he failed the test.
• Alex didn't study. Consequently, he failed the test.

Note : Some adverb Clause can be changed in to modifying phrases by

a. Eliminating the subject of the dependent Clause and the verb (be).
    Example: 

• ADVERB CLAUSE      : While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend
• MODIFYING PHRASE : While walking to class, I ran into an old friend.

b. If does not exist 'BE' the adverb clause, get rid of the subject and verb in the adverb clause changed it in to form-ing.
   Example:

• ADVERB CLAUSE      : Before I left for work, I ate breakfast.
• MODIFYING PHRASE : Before leaving for work, I ate breakfast.

Clause adverb can be converted into Modifying Phrase if the subject of the adverb Clause and the subject of main clause was the same.
Example:
1. Can be changed

• While I was sitting in class, I fell asleep BECOME While sitting in class, I fell asleep.
• While Ann was sitting in class, she fell asleep BECOME While sitting in class, Ann fell asleep.
• Since Mary came to this country, she has made many friends BECOME Since coming to this country, Mary has made many friends.

2. Can not be changed
    Example:

• While the teacher was lecturing to the class, I fell asleep. 
• While we were walking home, a frog hopped across the road in front of us

 7. Clause Of Condition 

It is Clause which shows the requirements between the two event are related. Usually made by using conjunction like if, even if, unless, in the event that, in case, provided (that), providing (that), on condition that, if only, suppose (that), supposing (that), etc.

   Example: 

• If I see him, I will invite him to the party tomorrow.
• She would forgive her husband everything, if only he would come back to her.
• Suppose (that) your house burns down, do you have enough insurance to cover such a loss.
• In case a robbery occurs in the hotel, the management must be notified at once.
• The company will agree to arbitration on condition (that) the strike is called off at once.
• We should be able to do the job for you quickly, provided (that) you give us all the necessary information.

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